ABSTRACT
Synthesis of new Cefpodoxime derivatives via Schiff Bases mechanism and the efficiency of their antimicrobial and antiviral activities were addressed. They were analyzed for structural validation by using spectroscopic techniques using FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. Molecular docking against IBV Virus papain-like protease (PLPro) was done with Auto dock tools against compounds having excellent IC50 values against IBV (Corona Class) virus. All derivatives showed strong zone of inhibition ranges from (55 ± 2.0 to 70 ± 0.8 mm) against E. coli. Compounds 1,2,4 and 6 derivatives showed remarkable activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Serratia marcescens. But For most the newly synthesized derivatives C 1 (64 ± 1.60), C 3 (32 ± 0.80), and C 8 (64 ± 1.60) showed potential IC50 values against two variants of Corona class viruses i.e. Avian Influenza (H9) and Avian corona (IBV) viruses. The current study revealed that newly synthesized Schiff Bases possessed strong anti-viral potential. Further studies may make a breakthrough in medical sciences to tackle latest challenges such as Corona Virus Diseases.
ABSTRACT
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients aged 19 years or below according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The condition is characterised by fever, inflammation and organ dysfunction. PIMS mimics Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome. As SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global pandemic, clinicians need to be aware of the conditions associated with it. We present the case of 18-year-old woman who was admitted with multi-organ failure requiring admission to the intensive care unit. The differential diagnosis included toxic shock syndrome, Kawasaki disease and PIMS. The overall picture fit the criteria for PIMS but the patient had a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2, which presented additional diagnostic difficulties. As the PCR test was negative, IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured to detect past infection and tested positive. The patient was diagnosed with PIMS as she met the WHO criteria after other differential diagnoses were excluded. She was successfully treated with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). LEARNING POINTS: Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) can also occur in young adults as clinical improvement was observed in a young woman after the administration of methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).Multidisciplinary care is important for the diagnosis and management of PIMS.The presentation of PIMS has a lot of similarities with Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome.
ABSTRACT
A complex fuzzy set (CFS) is described by a complex-valued truth membership function, which is a combination of a standard true membership function plus a phase term. In this paper, we extend the idea of a fuzzy graph (FG) to a complex fuzzy graph (CFG). The CFS complexity arises from the variety of values that its membership function can attain. In contrast to a standard fuzzy membership function, its range is expanded to the complex plane's unit circle rather than [0,1]. As a result, the CFS provides a mathematical structure for representing membership in a set in terms of complex numbers. In recent times, a mathematical technique has been a popular way to combine several features. Using the preceding mathematical technique, we introduce strong approaches that are properties of CFG. We define the order and size of CFG. We discuss the degree of vertex and the total degree of vertex of CFG. We describe basic operations, including union, join, and the complement of CFG. We show new maximal product and symmetric difference operations on CFG, along with examples and theorems that go along with them. Lastly, at the base of a complex fuzzy graph, we show the application that would be important for measuring the symmetry or asymmetry of acquaintanceship levels of social disease: COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Background: ISARIC mortality score is a risk stratification tool that helps predict the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. However, this tool was developed and validated in a British population, and thus, the external validation of this tool in local populations is important. Objectives: External validation of the ISARIC mortality score in COVID-19 patients from a large Saudi Arabian intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This is a retrospective study that included all adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from March 2020 to June 2021. Patients who were pregnant or had pulmonary tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus were excluded along with patients with missing variables. Data were collected to calculate the ISARIC mortality score and then fitting receiver operator characteristic curve against patients' outcome. Results: A total of 1493 critically ill COVID-19 patients were included. The mortality was 38%, the area under the curve of the score was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.83, P < 0.001) and the cutoff value correctly classified 72.7% of the cohort. The cutoff value of >9 had sensitivity of 70.5% (95% CI: 66.6-74.3); specificity, 73.97% (95% CI: 71-76.8); positive predictive value, 62.4% (95% CI: 59.5-65.2) and negative predictive value, 80.2% (95% CI: 78.2-82.4). Conclusion: The ISARIC score was found to have excellent predictive ability for mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients in our Saudi Arabian cohort. A cutoff score of >9 was the optimal criterion.